PACS and Photoshop assisted isosceles triangle osteotomy and Kirschner wire tension buckle fixation in the treatment of cubitus varus in children / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and Photoshop assisted isosceles triangle osteotomy and Kirschner wire fixation with tension band in the treatment of cubitus varus in children.@*METHODS@#The clinic data of 20 children with cubitus varus treated with isosceles triangle osteotomy of distal humerus and Kirschner wire fixation with tension band from October 2014 to October 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 7 females, aged from 3.2 to 13.5 years old, the median age was 6.65 years old. PACS system was applied for the osteotomy design preoperatively, simulating and measuring the side length of isosceles triangle osteotomy. Then, Photoshop system was used to simulate the preoperative and postoperative osteotomy graphics, which could guide precise osteotomy during operation.@*RESULTS@#All the 20 patients were followed up for 20 to 24 months, with a median of 22.5 months. At the last follow-up, the carrying angle of the affected limb was 5 ° to 13 °, with a median of 8.3 °. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the Flynn elbow function score:excellent in 16 cases, good in 2 cases, and fair in 2 cases.@*CONCLUSION@#The treatment of cubitus varus in children by isosceles triangle osteotomy and Kirschner wire fixation with tension band assisted by PACS and Photoshop system has shown good clinical outcome.

Conceptos actuales en osteotomías en doble nivel alrededor de la rodilla / Current concepts in double-level osteotomies around the knee

Con la osteotomía en un solo nivel, se puede lograr la corrección del eje de la extremidad en pacientes con deformidades combinadas femoral y tibial, pero de forma simultánea generará una alteración patológica de oblicuidad de la interlínea articular, lo que conducirá a elongación ligamentaria, inestabilidad, degeneración condral y, en última instancia, comprometerá su sobrevida y los resultados funcionales. En virtud del análisis de la literatura más reciente, podemos concluir que existe un número significativo de pacientes que requieren de un procedimiento combinado para lograr un objetivo biomecánico óptimo. La finalidad de una osteotomía en doble nivel alrededor de la rodilla consiste en restablecer la anatomía normal, descargar el compartimiento afectado, normalizar los ángulos mecánicos y la orientación de la interlínea articular. Los ejes fisiológicos pueden restablecerse a través de un análisis preoperatorio exhaustivo, respetando principios biomecánicos y fijación estable con placas bloqueadas. Es un procedimiento demandante y con indicaciones en evolución, que progresivamente se ha instaurado como una alternativa de tratamiento justificada en estudios clínicos y biomecánicos para el manejo de deformidades severas alrededor de la rodilla.

With single-level osteotomy, correction of the limb axis in patients with combined femoral and tibial deformities can be achieved. This correction, however, will generate a pathological alteration in the joint line oblicuity, leading to ligament elongation, instability, joint degeneration and, ultimately, it will compromise the longevity and functional results of the correction. By analyzing the most recent literature, we can conclude that there is a significant number of patients who require a combined procedure to achieve an optimal biomechanical goal. The purpose of a double-level osteotomy around the knee is to restore normal anatomy, unload the affected compartment, normalize the mechanical angles and the orientation of the joint line. Physiological axes can be reestablished by means of a thorough preoperative analysis, observing the biomechanical principles and stable fixation with locked plates. It is a demanding procedure with increasing indications, which has progressively been established in clinical and biomechanical studies as a justified treatment alternative for the management of severe deformities around the knee.

Artroplastia total de rodilla en genu valgo severo: Seguimiento de 5 a 14 años / Total knee arthroplasty in severe genu valgum. Five to 14 years follow-up

Introducción: El deseje en valgo es una deformidad compleja, con alteracion osea y de partes blandas. Se han descrito numerosas tecnicas quirurgicas que detallan la secuencia de liberacion de las estructuras posterolaterales y la necesidad de utilizar implantes constrenidos. El reemplazo total de rodilla para el genu valgo es un desafio para el ortopedista. Los objetivos fueron evaluar nuestros resultados en el tratamiento quirurgico del genu valgo severo y detallar la tecnica quirurgica empleada. Materiales y Métodos: Se establecio una clasificacion clinico-radiologica y se discriminaron los casos con genu valgo severo. Se evaluaron 42 reemplazos totales de rodilla en 39 pacientes (seguimiento promedio 9.2 anos). Se utilizo el Knee Society Score como parametro de evaluacion clinica. Para la evaluacion radiografica, se conto con la radiografia de mejor calidad del ultimo control. El analisis de supervivencia contemplo la necesidad de revision por cualquier causa y por falla mecanica. Resultados: El Knee Society Score fue, en promedio, de 83,3, con franca mejoria en los parametros dolor y rango de movilidad. Se utilizaron implantes constrenidos en el 16,7% de los casos. El angulo posoperatorio promedio fue de 5,9°. Hubo dos revisiones, con una supervivencia protesica por falla mecanica del 97,6%. No hubo revisiones por causa infecciosa. Conclusiones: Se requiere de un minucioso examen fisico y radiografias preoperatorias. La decision de utilizar implante constrenido se toma durante la cirugia. Es importante la apropiada liberacion de partes blandas. Al margen de la tecnica quirurgica empleada, el requerimiento de protesis constrenida es bajo. Recomendamos nuestra tecnica, pues se trata de un procedimiento poco demandante con resultados alentadores a mediano y largo plazo. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Valgus malalignment is a complex, multiplanar deformity characterized by bone alterations and soft-tissue abnormalities. Several surgical techniques have been described for valgus knee, and the sequence of tight lateral structure release and the need of constrained prosthesis were addressed. Total knee arthroplasty in valgus deformity remains a surgical challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. The objectives of the study were to evaluate our mid- and long-term results in the surgical treatment of severe valgus disease, and to describe the applied surgical technique. Methods: A clinical-radiological classification was developed, and patients treated for severe genu valgum were discriminated. We retrospectively evaluated 42 total knee arthroplasties in 39 patients, with an average follow-up of 9.2 years. Knee Society Score was used for clinical evaluation, and the last control best quality radiograph was considered for radiographic evaluation. Survival analysis contemplated the need for revision for any reason and for mechanical failure. Results: Postoperative average Knee Society Score was 83.3, with marked improvement in pain and range of motion parameters. Constrained implants were used in 16.7% of cases. Postoperative alignment was on average 5.9°. Two patients underwent revision surgery, having achieved a prosthetic survival for mechanical failure of 97.6%. We did not have any revision due to infection. Conclusions: A meticulous physical examination and proper preoperative radiographs are mandatory. The decision to use a constrained device is taken during surgery. Appropriate soft-tissue release is extremely important. Despite the surgical technique, the use of a constrained prosthesis is limited. We recommend our technique as a low-demanding procedure, with encouraging mid- and long-term results. Level of Evidence: IV

Radiologic Outcomes According to Varus Deformity in Minimally Invasive Surgery Total Knee Arthroplasty

PURPOSE: To identify the accuracy of postoperative implant alignment in minimally invasive surgery total knee arthroplasty (MIS-TKA), based on the degree of varus deformity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research examined 627 cases of MIS-TKA from November 2005 to December 2007. The cases were categorized according to the preoperative degree of varus deformity in the knee joint in order to compare the postoperative alignment of the implant: less than 5degrees varus (Group 1, 351 cases), 5degrees to less than 10degrees varus (Group 2, 189 cases), 10degrees to less than 15degrees varus (Group 3, 59 cases), and 15degrees varus or more (Group 4, 28 cases). RESULTS: On average, the alignment of the tibial implant was 0.2+/-1.4degrees, 0.1+/-1.3degrees, 0.1+/-1.6degrees, and 0.3+/-1.7degrees varus, and the tibiofemoral alignment was 5.2+/-1.9degrees, 4.7+/-1.9degrees, 4.9+/-1.9degrees, and 5.1+/-2.0degrees valgus for Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, in the preoperative stage, indicating no difference between the groups (p>0.05). With respect to the accuracy of the tibial implant alignment, 98.1%, 97.6%, 87.5%, and 86.7% of Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, had 0+/-3degrees varus angulation, demonstrating a reduced level of accuracy in Groups 3 and 4 (p0.05). CONCLUSION: Satisfactory component alignment was achieved in minimally invasive surgery in total knee arthroplasty, regardless of the degree of varus deformity.

Osteotomía de apertura anterior de tibia bilateral en recurvatum de rodilla: a propósito de un caso / Anterior tibial osteotomy in bilateral knee recurvatum. Case report

En los recurvatum de rodilla, existen varios métodos de corrección, la osteotomía descripta por Brett y Lexer E. modificada es una opción para su tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la técnica como una solución para los recurvatum de rodilla tibiales y mostrar la evolución de un caso clínico. El paciente presentaba un recurvatum bilateral de rodilla de origen tibial idiopático, con valores angulares de 26 grados a derecha y 20 grados a izquierda de ángulo diafiso-epifisario. Con el objetivo de corregir la deformación para calmar el dolor de características mecánicas por sobrecarga articular y evitar la pérdida del equilibrio articular, se decidió realizar esta técnica. Las cirugías fueron realizadas comenzando con la derecha y un año y medio después la rodilla izquierda. Para la rodilla derecha se logró corregir la deformidad llevando el platillo tibial de 26° de inclinación anterior a 6°. En cuanto a la rodilla izquierda de 20° se corrigió a 0°. Resulta una técnica reproducible, que soluciona los recurvatum de origen tibial epifiso-metafisarios, que no altera la biomecánica del aparato extensor como otras osteotomías. Esta técnica no permite corregir las deformidades diafisarias. Creemos que es una de las mejores opciones para la corrección del recurvatum, que a pesar de no lograr corrección total de la alteración ósea, mejora la función de la rodilla y la sintomatología, sin alterar la mecánica del aparato extensor.

In the knee recurvatum, there are several methods of correction osteotomy, the modified Brett and Lexer E. osteotomy is an option for this type of pathology. The aim of this paper is to describe the technique as a solution to the tibial recurvatum and show the outcome of a case. The patient had a bilateral tibial idiopathic knee recurvatum, with angular values of 26 degrees right and 20 degrees left of diafiso-epiphyseal angle. In order to correct the deformation and release pain secondary to mechanical overload and prevent loss of articular balance, we decided to perform this technique. The surgeries were performed first the right and a year and a half after his left knee. His right knee, we managed to correct the tibial plateau deformity from 26° of anterior tilt, to 6°. As for the left knee was corrected from 20° to 0°. It is a reproducible technique that solves tibial epiphyseal-metaphyseal origin recurvatum, which does not alter the biomechanics of the extensor mechanism as other osteotomies. This technique does not allow correction of diaphyseal deformities. We believe it is one of the best options for the correction of recurvatum, which despite not achieveing full correction of bone alteration improves knee function and symptoms without altering the extensor mechanism.

Microartroplastía de superficie y osteotomía tibial de apertura simultánea / Simultaneous resurfacing arthroplasty with open high tibial osteotomy

El compromiso degenerativo articular de la rodilla caracterizado por exposición de hueso subcondral, en pacientes jóvenes y de mediana edad con expectativa de actividad recreacional, es actualmente un desafío para el especialista. Ante el fracaso del tratamiento médico, la indicación terapéutica debe ser fundamentada en el análisis de una serie de factores, destacando las expectativas del paciente: sintomatología dominante, alineación, estabilidad y área lesional. Se presenta un caso de procedimiento reconstructivo de indicación excepcional sobre el cual no se ha hallado referencia publicada. El procedimiento consistió en asociar: a) Reemplazo segmentario de superficie con Arthrosurface NR (“Artroplastia focal de superficie”) con b) Osteotomía de apertura tibial en el mismo acto quirúrgico. Se describe la metodología aplicada para la decisión terapéutica consistente en un análisis sistemático multifactorial.

Classificação angular para protrusão acetabular utilizada no serviço de ortopedia da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC / Angular classification for protrusio acetabuli used in the orthopedic service of Faculdade de Medicina do ABC

Introdução: a protrusão acetabular foi inicialmente descrita por Otto, em 1824. A incidência é maior no sexo feminino e a bilateralidade, mais comum, é maior nas protrusões de etiologia primária. Sotelo-Garza e Charnley definiram uma classificação que considera a distância da parede medial em relação à linha de Kõhler. Objetivo: apresentar a classificação angular para protrusão acetabular e demonstrar sua aplicabilidade. Método: a classificação da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC) foi determinada a partir da medida do ângulo P (ângulo de protrusão), formado pela intersecção de três linhas. Foram avaliadas radiografias de bacia em dois grupos de pacientes: o primeiro, com pacientes sem protrusão acetabular, em que foram definidos os valores de normalidade, e o segundo, com pacientes com protrusão acetabular. Destes, foram medidos o ângulo P e o tamanho da protrusão de acordo com Sotelo-Garza e Charnley, sendo os resultados comparados. Dezenove quadris com protrusão foram submetidos à artroplastia total e comparados os valores do ângulo P no pré e pós-operatório. Resultados: o valor médio do ângulo P, em pacientes sem protrusão acetabular, foi -1,22º. No segundo grupo, observou-se semelhança quando foram comparados os valores da classificação FMABC e os da classificação de Sotelo-Garza e Charnley. A comparação entre os valores do ângulo P pré e pós-operatórios resultou em diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,001). A classificação angular foi dividida em leve, moderada e grave. Conclusões: o ângulo P foi sempre superior a zero nas protrusões acetabulares, os valores numéricos das duas classificações foram estatisticamente significativos, possibilitando a utilização dos mesmos valores da classificação de Sotello-Garza e Charnley para a classificação FMABC, e o uso de enxerto causou uma lateralização do componente acetabular.

Introduction: protrusio acetabuli was first described by Otto, in 1824. Its incidence is higher among women and the bilaterality, more common, is higher in primary etiology protrusions. Sotelo-Garza and Charnley set a classification that considers the distance of the medial wall on the Kõhler's line. Objective: to present the angular classification for protrusio acetabuli and to demonstrate its applicability. Method: the angular classification of Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC) was determined from the measure of the P angle (angle of protrusion), formed by the intersection of three lines. Pelvis radiographs were evaluated in two groups of patients: the first, with patients without protrusio acetabuli, in which the values of normality were defined, and the second, with patients who presented the disease. We measured, in the second group, the P angle and size of the protrusion according to Sotelo-Garza and Charnley, and the results were compared. Nineteen hips with protrusion were submitted to total hip arthroplasty and the values of the P angle compared in the pre and postoperative. Results: the average value of the P angle, in patients without protrusio acetabuli, was -1.22º. In the second group, a similarity was observed when we compared the values of the FMABC angular classification and the Sotelo-Garza and Charnley classification. The comparison between the values of the pre and postoperative P angle resulted in significant statistical difference (p < 0.001). The angular classification was divided into mild, moderate and severe. Conclusions: the P angle was always greater than zero in protrusio acetabuli, the values of both classifications were statistically significant, allowing the use of the Sotello-Garza and Chanrley classification values for the FMABC classification, and the use of graft lead to a lateralization of the acetabular component.

Osteotomia de Wagner modificada para el tratamiento de la coxa vara infantil: Descripcion de la tecnica y analisis de los resultados / Modified Wagner osteotomy for the treatment of infantile coxa vara deformity: Technique description and analysis of the results

Introducción: Se han descrito múltiples procedimientosquirúrgicos para la corrección de la coxa vara infantil. En los pacientes pequeños la fijación interna es difícil por el tamaño de los fragmentos y la posibilidad de producir el cierre de la fisis. En 1978, Wagner describió una técnica utilizando numerosas clavijas de Kirschner para la estabilización. Sólo un estudio informa los resultados obtenidos con una técnica similar. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la técnica utilizada y evaluar los resultados clínico- radiográficos obtenidos. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 16 osteotomías realizadas en 15 pacientes consecutivos tratados en el período comprendido entre enero de 2000 y enero de 2006. El promedio de edad fue de 6,9 años. El seguimiento promedio fue de 43,3 meses. Se evaluaron parámetros clínicos: dolor, claudicación y signo de Trendelenburg; y radiológicos: ángulo cervicodiafisario (ACD) y ángulo epifisario (AE). Resultados: Las etiologías fueron diversas: seis secuelasde artritis séptica, tres traumáticas, tres condrodisplasias metafisarias, tres displasias epifisarias múltiples y una secuela de displasia del desarrollo de la cadera. En el 82% de los casos mejoró la claudicación y el signo de Trendelenburg.Los valores radiológicos presentaron una mejoríasignificativa: ACD 137,72°; AE 34,33° (p < 0,0005). Conclusiones: En esta serie, la técnica de Wagner modificada permitió una importante mejoría clínica y radiográfica. Es un método sencillo, económico, que proporciona una fijación aceptable sin daño de la fisis.

Genu valgo idiopatico: tratamiento quirurgico en niños y adolescentes / Idiopathic genu valgum: surgical treatment in late childhood and adolescence

Introduccion: Las deformidades en valgo de los miembrosinferiores en niños y adolescentes son un motivo frecuente de consulta en la practica ortopedica. Tienden a considerarse propias de la evolucion regional con el crecimiento y por ello a ser subestimadas. Algunas constituyen una entidad patologica que requiere una minuciosa valoracion de magnitud y evolutividad y pueden ocasionar no solo alteraciones esteticas sino funcionales, por lo cual necesitan un tratamiento específico. Materiales y metodos: Se estudiaron 29 pacientes (58 rodillas) con genu valgo idiopatico tratados quirurgicamente antes de la finalizacion del crecimiento. Se realizo arresto epifisario femoral medial distal (AEFMD) basado en la tecnica de Blount. La indicacion se adopta según la presencia de dolor o dificultad para la marcha, razones esteticas-deformidad o como profilaxis de alteraciones secundarias en la edad adulta. Resultados: Basados en la ausencia de dolor de rodilla, mejoria de la deambulacion, ausencia de mialgias y correccion del deseje en valgo los resultados fueron excelentes y buenos en todos los casos.Conclusiones: El arresto epifisario femoral medial distales un metodo quirurgico adecuado para corregir deformidades en valgo en niños y adolescentes con cartilago de crecimiento permeable. Actua sobre el eje central del problema, es de facil realizacion, poco cruento, no requiere inmovilizacion y permite un pronto retorno a las tareas habituales.

Correction of cubitus varus by supracondylar lateral closing wedge osteotomy

The purpose of this study was to report our experience in treating cubitus varus with closing lateral wedge osteotomy. During the period 1996 to 2003, sixteen patients underwent supracondylar osteotomies for the correction of cubitus varus. The results of surgery were assessed in 12 patients. The indication for osteotomy was cubitus varus that was cosmetically unacceptable to either the child or the parents. All patients were treated with excision of an appropriate wedge of bone from the lateral side of the lower humerus and then closing the gap. Physical examinations for the gross carrying angle and the postoperative scar were assessed. Carrying angle and range of movement were used as criteria to categorize the results. Surgery results were excellent in 8, good in 3, and poor in one patient. The most important factor affecting the outcome in our series was the loss of fixation with recurrence of the deformity which occurred in one patient. The follow up ranged from 1 to 5 years, with an average of 2 years [mean 2.3 years]. Lateral closing wedge ostetomy is a safe and effective method of correcting cubitus varus deformity in the majority of patients

Single slip sublimins transfer for the management of post-traumatic swan-neck deformity of the fingers; preliminary study of a newly proposed technique

Swan-neck deformity of the fingers is a cause of functional and cosmetic deficit for most of the patients, the main pathology lies on the PIP joint and most of the surgical treatments depends on the integrity of the soft tissues around it including sublimins tendon that plays an important role in the success of most of the surgical procedures to describe anew surgical technique for the treatment of post - traumatic swan-neck deformity in the fingers. nine patients with post-traumatic swan-neck deformity with intact [FDS] were included in this study. The operation included transferring the insertion of one slip of the sublimins to the A4 transverse pulley this allowed a more dynamic PIP and a better hand function in comparison with other known operations further studies with larger sample and longer period of follow up may give better and more accurate results about this new procedure that can be regarded as a modified Tonkin technique

Cubitus varus--correction by distraction osteogenesis.

Cubitus varus deformity in thirty children was corrected by gradual medial opening wedge osteotomy. The osteotomy was stabilized and distracted by simple external fixator-cum-distractor. The patients of both sexes and age from 6 to 14 years, had varus deformity from 17 degrees to 43 degrees. We achieved good to excellent results in 28 cases as regards to correction of deformity and range of motion at elbow joint. None of the cases had neurological deficit or permanent stiffness. One case had fair result due to under-correction and another case had a poor result as osteotomy united before correction. The main complication faced was superficial pin-site infection particularly in summer season and a in fatty children but was managed by good pinsite dressing and care. The technique has been found to be quite effective, technically simple, cosmetically acceptable and with little, if any, lazy S deformity.

Eficacia comparativa entre los abordajes lateral y medial para corregir la deformidad en valgo mayor de 15 grados en la artroplastía total de la rodilla / Comparative trial betwenn medial and lateral approach for corrrecting valgus of the knee, greater than 15 degrees in total knee replacement

Objetivo. Valorar la conveniencia de utilizar el abordaje pararrotuliano lateral en la artoplastía total de la rodilla (ATR) en pacientes con valgo exagerado de la rodilla. Material y métodos. Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo de 13 mujeres (de un total de 14), operadas de ATR de 1995 a 2000, con un valgo preoperatorio mayor de 15 grados. Sin selección al azar, el abordaje lateral se usó en 6 (prom. 60.8 años y valgo 17.5º) y el medial en 7 (70.4 años, valgo 17.2º). La causa fue artrosis en los seis de abordaje medial y en cinco de los siete con abordaje lateral, y AR en los dos restantes. Resultados. Con base en los parámetros de dolor postoperatorio, estabilidad articular y arco de movimiento, los resultados fueron buenos en cuatro y malos en tres para el abordaje medial, mientras que fueron buenos en cinco y malos en uno para el abordaje lateral. El único resultado más notorio es la diferencia entre los resultados para el abordaje lateral, que parece orientarse a su favor, ya que en el caso del abordaje medial no hay diferencia alguna. Conclusión. El abordaje pararrotuliano lateral debe considerarse como una alternativa para la ATR en virtud de la tendencia aparente a cursar con menor proporción de complicaciones en pacientes con genu valgo exagerado.

Tratamiento de la consolidación viciosa del radio distal mediante osteotomía de apertura / Late treatmetn of mal-union of distal radius fracture by opening wedge osteotomy

Se presenta una serie de 20 casos, que se trataron entre 1992 y 1995 por presentar secuelas de una fractura distal del radio con consolidación visciosa y pérdida de longitud de dicho hueso. Fueron 13 mujeres y 7 varones, con edades de 17 a 69 años y promedio de 46. El tratamiento original en 19 de los 20 casos fue mediante reducción cerrada y ya fuese enclavamiento percutáneo o ligamentotaxis. El tratamiento actual consistió en una osteotomía transversal del radio distal, a 2.5 cm de su superficie articular para efectuar cuñade apertura que se rellenó con injerto córtico-esponjoso y se fijó dorsalmente con una placa en T y tornillos para pequeños fragmentos. Se obtuvo consolidación satisfactoria en todos los casos en un promedio de 7 semanas (5 a 10). Los arcos de movimiento fueron recuperados en general en alrededor de un 80 por ciento. El alineamiento mejoró en la forma esperada de acuerdo con la planeación preoperatoria efectuada. No hubo complicaciones en la presente serie

Results of high tibial osteotomy for varus gonarthrosis of the knee joint

31 high tibial osteotomies [in 30 patients] for varus gonarthrosis performed between 1985 - 1990 were evaluated to determine correction of deformity, functional results and subjective impression. 25 patients had satisfactory follow up evaluations. Factors contributing to success included careful patient selection, over-correction of the limb deformity and precise surgical technique

Experience with supracondylar humeral osteotomy [SCHO] for correction of late cubitus varus deformity [CVD] clinical and practical consideration

Seventeen corrective supracondylar humeral osteotomy [S.C.H.O] was performed for post traumatic late cubitus varus deformity [CVD] in 16 patients. The average age at injury was 4.5 years [range 3-10 years] and at S.C.H.O was 8 years [range 4-16 years] and the average follow up period was 2.5 years [range 6 months-5 years].The main indication for operation was the unsightly deformity caused by malunion. Early correction is advisable because deformity will not going to be corrected by remodelling and to provide prophylaxis against late ulnar nerve palsy S.C.H.O was a difficult operation and had significant incidence of complications and operative risk. Difficulty was encountered in maintainence of the correction [14 cases had K. wire fixation and 3 had only external plaster immobilisation]. The average varus deformity was 20 degrees [range 10-40 degrees]. Refinement of the technique was necessary simple wedge corrective osteotomy was carried out with no attempt for correction of mild rotational deformity. The average correction was 30 degrees. Relative higher success rate [47% excellent result] was attributed to equal limb osteotomy, varus correction alone, preservation of intact medial hinge, preoperative wedge tracing and accurate pin placing the operation is deceptively simple but it had a significant complication rate [47%] including: recurrence [255], neuropraxia [18%], sepsis [18%], bad scarring [11%] but no case had non union. Post operative well filled back elbow slab in extension was important and highly recommended to achieve good hold of the fragments and higher satisfactory result. Cosmetic result could have been improved by operative medial shift of the distal fragment. The result of the study stress on the prevention or C.V.D. to avoid unnecessary secondary difficult operation

Anterior capsulotomy for management of post-traumatic elbow flexion contracture

Eighteen patients [11 males and 7 females] with different degree of flexation contracture of the elbow joint after local trauma, constituted the material of the present study. Their ages ranged from 11-47 years [mean 26 years]. A limited anterior capsulotomy combined with post operative splintage and early exercise program has been shown to be a safe and effective means of decreasing post traumatic flexion deformity of the elbow that is resistance to conservative means. Although flexion contracture was decreased [67% improvement]. The best results were noticed in patients with no or little post traumatic arthrosis [72.3% improvement]

Long-term evaluation of high tibial osteotomy for varus gonarthrosis

The results in thirty-eight patients [fifty knees who had a high tibial osteotomy [of any kind] were evaluated for varus gonarthrosis [ostcoarthritis or osteonecrosis]. The operations were performed between January 1982 and June 1984. The mean length of follow was 6.7 years [range, five to seven and half years]. The early results were promising: at two years 89.56% of the knees had either an excellent or a good result. At subsequent follow-up at five year, the percentage of excellent and good results was deteriorated to [65%]. However at the end of follow-up, at five year the percentage of excellent and good results was deteriorated to [65%].However at the end of follow-up period only 25 knees [52%] had an excellent or good results and in the remainder recurrent pain had developed. The alignment obtained by the osteotomy was not as important in determining the long term results as it was previously believed. Although recurrent varus deformity was observed in more than one-quarter of the knees. It was not necessarily associated with all unsatisfactory result

Las osteotomías y otras intervenciones en la proximidad de la rodilla en el tratamiento de la gonartrosis unicompartimental por genu valgo / Osteotomies in the treatment of unicompartmental gonarthrosis for genu valgus

Cuando en la sesión de marzo de 1986 comunicamos en nuestra Asociación "Una nueva experiencia con la osteotomía alta de la tibia en el tratamiento de la gonartrosis unicompartimental (GU) por genu varo", dijimos que la GU por genu valgo constituía una patología m s compleja y difícil de tratar. Hoy nos ocupamos de este tipo de artrosis de rodilla provocada, como la anterior, por disturbios estaticos-funcionales explicitados sobre un artificio que se comentó en tal oportunidad. Efectivamente, sobre esta patología reinan aún bastantes interrogantes. Se desconoce por qué los resultados son inferiores a los observados en las osteotomías tibiales en las GU por genu varo, no hay acuerdo sobre el grado ideal de corrección, sobre el nivel de la osteotomía ni tampoco respuesta satisfactoria sobre ciertas complicaciones. Como consecuencia no hay tampoco precisiones en el campo terapéutico. Creemos, entonces, que algunas reflexiones pueden ser útiles para mantener el interés por un problema al que creemos no totalmente resuelto, como así también para evitar excesos terapéuticos, como ocurre con las artroplastías de sustitución, totales o subtotales, en la creencia, cuando no la convicción, de que con osteotomías sólo pueden obtenerse resultados imprevisibles